Dental trauma management knowledge among a group of teachers in two south European cities

Abstract –  The purpose of the present study is to assess the teachers' knowledge regarding dental trauma management in two south European cities. A three-part questionnaire comprised of questions on demographic data and knowledge was distributed to teachers in Porto and Istanbul. Seventy-eight teachers participated in the study; 23 had previously had formal dental trauma education. From the teachers interviewed, 58 of them admitted having no knowledge of dental trauma. Concerning knowledge, 29 teachers from Porto and 12 from Istanbul thought dental trauma emergency should be dealt with immediately. Knowledge of optimal storage media for avulsed permanent teeth was especially poor. In the present study, the majority of teachers did not know the importance of tetanus vaccine control in dental trauma. It is recommended that public education targeted at teachers should be carried out to increase dental trauma management knowledge.     

枯草杆菌二联活菌联合乳果糖治疗婴幼儿功能性便秘的临床疗效

目的探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌联合乳果糖对婴幼儿功能性便秘(FC)的疗效。方法选取2018年2月至2019年2月我院治疗的FC患儿72例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各36例。两组患儿均予改善不良饮食习惯、多饮水、进行适宜运动及锻炼其排便等基础治疗。治疗组加用枯草杆菌二联活菌联合乳果糖治疗,对照组加用枯草杆菌二联活菌治疗,两组均连续治疗6周。观察两组患儿起效时间、治疗效果、排便距离时间、排便费力消失时间。结果治疗组起效时间为(23.51±1.92)h,明显快于对照组的(29.72±2.21)h,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6周后,治疗组总有效率为88.9%,明显高于对照组的66.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的排便距离时间、排便费力消失时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论枯草杆菌二联活菌联合乳果糖治疗婴幼儿FC的临床疗效较显著,能改善其粪便性质,且安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

四川省高校教师职业倦怠状况研究

目的对四川省高校教师职业倦怠状况进行抽样调查研究,揭示四川省高校教师存在职业倦怠的程度,为四川省高校教师队伍的管理与建设提供参考。方法于2013年12月,采用美国心理学家Maslach等编制的职业倦怠量表对随机抽取的520名四川省高校教师进行问卷调查。结果 1四川省高校教师职业倦怠的平均分为(1.440±0.486)分。2在去个性化维度上,不同性别(t=3.007,df=488,P=0.003)和年龄(F=4.801,df=3,P=0.003)的高校教师之间的差异有统计学意义。3在低成就感维度上,不同年龄(F=5.808,df=3,P=0.001)、学历(F=3.672,df=3,P=0.012)、职称(F=4.215,df=3,P=0.006)和收入(F=4.799,df=4,P=0.001)的高校教师之间的差异有统计学意义。结论 1四川省高校教师的职业倦怠水平较低。2年龄在46岁以上、或学历为博士、或职称为教授,或月收入在5000元以上的高校教师较少职业倦怠。     

经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症

目的评价经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 10例经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者,经椎间盘造影证实12个椎间盘后方纤维环均撕裂,行PELD治疗。比较术前、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和术前、末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果手术时间30~60(42±15.5)min。住院时间5~7(5.6±0.7)d。10例均获随访,时间12~20(15.4±3.3)个月。术中未发生脑脊液漏、脊髓神经损伤。VAS术前为6~9(7.5±0.8)分,术后为0~3(1.4±0.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ODI术前为40.0%~82.9%(74.6%±13.1%),末次随访时为8.6%~14.3%(12.0%±3.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。根据改良Macnab标准:优2例,良7例,可1例。结论 PELD治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等特点,疗效较好。     

“互联网+”背景下中医院校青年教师能力的促进

当今社会在全球“互联网+”背景下,信息技术与教学资源的广泛、深度融合是促进青年教师能力提升的有效途径。中医院校是集教学、科研、临床于一体的机构,近年来,随着中医院校扩招,青年教师已成为课堂授课的主力军。中医院校的发展是以教师为基本,尤其是青年教师,那么如何将“互联网+”与青年教师个人发展有效结合起来,让“互联网+”时代背景助力中医类高校青年教师的发展,是目前中医院校应当思考的问题。本文分析了中医院校青年教师的现状,探讨了“互联网+”在提高青年教师教学改革、科研职能、临床实践方面的意义。     

Stress management and sexual health of young adults: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Young people often experience excessive stress that definitely undermines their sexual life and leads them to adopt risky sexual behaviours. As such, the design and application of a stress management programme in this particular age group is, undoubtedly, a crucial matter. In this parallel randomised controlled trial, 60 psychology students of the Panteion University of Athens, aged 18–20, were randomly assigned to undergo either an 8‐week stress management programme (n = 30; diaphragmatic breathing–progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery, twice a day) or not (n = 30). Self‐reported validated measures were used to evaluate stress, stressful life events, health locus of control, general health status, sexual behaviours, sexual desire, satisfaction from sexual life and interpersonal relationships. Between‐group analyses revealed statistically significant differences in internal health locus of control and general health evaluation. Within the intervention group analyses showed reductions in BMI, stress, the ‘chance’ subscale of multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) and greater satisfaction from sexual life. No other significant change was reported. We deem that our results should encourage relevant future studies.     

How do we process event‐based and time‐based intentions in the brain? an fMRI study of prospective memory in healthy individuals

Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future, either in response to an event (event‐based) or after a certain amount of time has elapsed (time‐based). While the distinction between event‐ and time‐based PM is widely acknowledged in the literature, little is known about the processes they share and those they do not. This is particularly true concerning their brain substrates, as almost all neuroimaging studies so far have focused on event‐based PM. We proposed a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm assessing both event‐based and time‐based PM to 20 healthy young individuals. Analyses revealed that event‐ and time‐based PM both induced activation in the posterior frontal and parietal cortices, and deactivation in the medial rostral prefrontal cortex. In addition, activation more specific to each condition, which may underlie differences in strategic monitoring, was highlighted. Thus, occipital areas were more activated during event‐based PM, probably reflecting target‐checking, while a network comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cuneus/precuneus and, to a lesser extent, the inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, and the cerebellum, was more activated in time‐based PM, which may reflect the involvement of time‐estimation processes. These results confirm the allocation of attentional resources to the maintenance of intention for event‐based and time‐based PM, as well as the engagement of distinct mechanisms reflecting the monitoring strategies specific to each condition. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3066–3082, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Islet of Langerhans isolation from pediatric and juvenile donor pancreases

Islet grafts isolated from young donors allow superior functional outcomes but are often associated with poor islet isolation yields. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the outcomes of islet isolation between young and older donors. We retrospectively analyzed 564 pancreas isolations performed at our institution. Isolation outcomes were compared between donors aged ≤20 years (n = 42, YD) and >20 years (n = 522, OD). Isolation procedure was identical in both groups. Prepurification percentage of embedded islets was higher in YD (44.3 ± 22.7% vs. 24.9 ± 20.9%, P < 0.001). This led to a lower recovery rate in YD (48% vs. 76%, P = 0.002) and hence lower postpurification IEQ/g pancreas in YD (2 412 ± 1 789 IEQ/g vs. 3 194 ± 1 892 IEQ/g, P = 0.01). Final yield was 180 982 ± 128 073 IEQ in YD and 244 167 ± 134 137 IEQ in OD, (P = 0.006). In vitro function was markedly, albeit nonsignificantly, higher in YD (SI: 4.5 ± 5.1 vs. 3.0 ± 5.7, P = 0.350). Proportion of transplanted preparations was similar in both groups, 38% (16/42) in YD vs. 43% (224/522) in OD, P = 0.628. In spite of isolation and purification difficulties, pancreases from young donors allowed similar islet transplantation rates as older donors. Efforts should be directed at improving islet extraction in these donors to realize their full potential for islet transplantation.